Antique Terminology Glossary: 150 Essential Terms Every Collector Must Know
Antika dünyasının kendine özgü bir dili vardır; yeni başlayanlar için anlaşılması güç gibi görünen, ancak pratikle ikinci doğa haline gelen özel bir kelime dağarcığı. Bu terminolojiyi anlamak sadece müzayedelerde bilgili görünmekle ilgili değil; karşılaştığınız nesneleri doğru bir şekilde tanımlamak, araştırmak ve değer biçmekle ilgilidir.
Bu kapsamlı sözlük, tüm önemli antika kategorilerindeki 150 temel terimi kapsamaktadır. Bu tanımlara hakim olursanız, antika dünyasında deneyimli bir satıcının özgüveniyle yol alabilirsiniz.
A
Akantus : Klasik mimaride ve mobilya oymacılığında, özellikle Korint sütun başlıklarında ve Chippendale mobilyalarında kullanılan stilize edilmiş bir yaprak motifi.
Asit aşındırma : Asit kullanılarak yüzeye desenlerin işlendiği bir cam dekorasyon tekniği. Art Nouveau ve Art Deco cam eşyalarında yaygındır.
Estetik Akım : 19. yüzyılın sonlarında ortaya çıkan, seri üretimden ziyade güzelliği ve sanatsal ifadeyi vurgulayan bir tasarım felsefesi. Mobilya, seramik ve dekoratif sanatları etkilemiştir.
Yaşlanma Çatlağı : Ahşap, boya veya cila üzerinde zamanla malzemelerin kuruyup büzülmesi sonucu oluşan doğal bir çatlak. Organik ve kademeli gelişimiyle hasardan ayırt edilir.
Timsah derisi görünümü : Boya veya verniğin timsah derisine benzeyen çatlaklar şeklinde bir yüzey oluşumu. Önemli bir eskilik belirtisidir ancak stabilizasyon gerektirebilir.
Amberina: A type of art glass that shades from amber to ruby red. Developed by New England Glass Company in 1883.
Applique: Decorative elements applied to a surface rather than carved from it. Common in furniture, textiles, and ceramics.
Apron: The horizontal support piece connecting a tabletop to its legs. Also called a skirt or frieze.
Armoire: A tall, freestanding wardrobe with doors, typically used for clothing storage. French origin.
Art Nouveau: A decorative style (1890-1910) characterized by flowing, organic lines inspired by natural forms. Major influence on jewelry, glass, and furniture.
Arts and Crafts: A design movement (1880-1920) emphasizing handcraftsmanship, simple forms, and honest construction. Associated with William Morris and Gustav Stickley.
Ashlar: A masonry term adapted to furniture describing thin pieces of wood applied to resemble stone blocks.
Aubusson: A type of French tapestry or flat-woven rug produced in Aubusson, France. Known for elaborate floral and scenic designs.
B
Bail: A swinging handle on a drawer pull or teapot, typically made of brass or silver.
Bakelite: An early plastic (phenol formaldehyde) developed in 1907. Popular for jewelry, radios, and household items in the 1920s-1940s.
Ball-and-Claw Foot: A furniture foot carved to resemble an animal claw grasping a ball. Most common in Chippendale furniture.
Banding: Decorative strips of contrasting wood or inlay applied to furniture edges.
Baroque: A dramatic, ornate style (1600-1750) characterized by bold curves, rich detail, and grandeur. Influenced European furniture and decorative arts.
Base Metal: Any non-precious metal such as copper, brass, pewter, or zinc. Used as a core for silver plating or as primary material in less expensive items.
Bentwood: Wood that has been steamed and bent into curved forms. Pioneered by Michael Thonet in the 19th century.
Bergere: A French armchair with an upholstered back and sides, typically with a wooden frame exposed on the front.
Bevel: An angled cut on glass, mirror, or wood edges. Beveled mirror glass is characteristic of certain periods.
Biscuit: Unglazed porcelain that has been fired once. Also called bisque, particularly in doll making.
Blown Glass: Glass formed by blowing air through a pipe into molten glass. Distinguished from pressed or molded glass.
Bobeche: A dish-shaped collar on candlesticks designed to catch wax drips.
Bolection Molding: A projecting molding that covers the joint between two surfaces, commonly used on fireplace mantels and paneling.
Bonheur du Jour: A small French writing desk with drawers, popular in the Louis XVI period.
Bookmatched: Veneer sheets arranged so that adjacent pieces mirror each other, creating symmetrical grain patterns.
Boulle Work: Decorative inlay technique using tortoiseshell and brass, perfected by Andre-Charles Boulle in the 17th century.
Brass: An alloy of copper and zinc, commonly used for furniture hardware, candlesticks, and decorative objects.
Breakfront: A cabinet or bookcase with a central section projecting forward from the side sections.
Britannia Metal: A pewter-like alloy of tin, antimony, and copper. Used for tableware in the 19th century.
Bronze: An alloy of copper and tin, used for sculpture, hardware, and decorative objects since antiquity.
Bun Foot: A rounded, ball-like furniture foot. Common in William and Mary and Queen Anne furniture.
Burr (or Burl): A tree growth with complex, swirling grain patterns. Highly prized for veneers and decorative inlay.
C
Cabriole Leg: A furniture leg with a graceful S-curve, ending in a pad, drake, or ball-and-claw foot. Characteristic of Queen Anne furniture.
Cameo Glass: Glass with layers of different colors, where the top layer is carved to reveal the contrasting color beneath. Lalique and Thomas Webb are notable producers.
Cameo: A carved relief design, typically on shell, stone, or glass. Popular in Victorian jewelry.
Candlestand: A small, portable table designed to hold a candle. Often features a tripod base.
Canted Corner: A corner that has been cut at an angle rather than forming a 90-degree angle.
Carcase (or Carcass): The structural body of a piece of furniture, excluding doors, drawers, and applied decoration.
Cartouche: An ornamental panel or tablet, often oval or shield-shaped, used for inscriptions or decoration.
Case Piece: Furniture that provides enclosed storage, such as chests, cabinets, and bureaus.
Casing: The frame around a door or window, adapted to furniture as the frame surrounding drawers or doors.
Cast Iron: Iron that has been melted and poured into molds. Used for toys, stoves, and garden furniture in the 19th century.
Casting: The process of creating metal objects by pouring molten metal into molds. Used for hardware, sculpture, and decorative objects.
Crazing: Fine cracks in glaze, paint, or varnish caused by age, temperature changes, or material incompatibility.
Chasing: Decorative metalwork technique where designs are hammered from the front surface. Distinguished from repousse, which works from the reverse.
Chinoiserie: European decoration inspired by Chinese art and design. Popular in the 18th century for furniture, ceramics, and wallpaper.
Chippendale: A furniture style (1755-1790) named after Thomas Chippendale’s pattern book. Characterized by ornate carving, fretwork, and Chinese influences.
Cire Perdue: See “Lost Wax Casting.”
Claw Foot: See “Ball-and-Claw Foot.”
Cloisonne: Enamelwork technique where metal wires create compartments (cloisons) filled with colored enamel. Common in Chinese and Japanese decorative arts.
Cockbeading: A narrow, rounded molding applied to the edge of drawer fronts.
Coin Silver: American silver made from melted coins, typically 90% pure. Predates the sterling standard (92.5%) in America.
Commode: A low chest of drawers, often with marble top and elaborate decoration. French origin.
Compote: A serving dish on a stemmed foot, used for fruit, candy, or decorative display.
Condition: The state of preservation of an antique, ranging from mint to poor. Critical factor in valuation.
Console Table: A narrow table designed to stand against a wall, often with decorative front legs and plain rear supports.
Copperplate Engraving: A printmaking technique where designs are incised into copper plates. Used for maps, illustrations, and decorative prints.
Cornice: The decorative molding at the top of a cabinet, bookcase, or architectural element.
Crest Rail: The upper horizontal member of a chair back, often decorated with carving or piercing.
Crossbanding: Veneer strips applied across the grain direction for decorative contrast.
Crotch Veneer: Veneer cut from the fork of a tree trunk, displaying dramatic figure and grain patterns.
Crystallo-Ceramie: Glass with ceramic cameo portraits embedded within clear glass. Developed by Thomas Webb.
D
Daguerreotype: The first practical photographic process (1839-1860), producing unique images on silver-plated copper sheets.
Davenport: A small British writing desk with a slanted top, drawers on one side, and often a pop-up section.
Decalcomania: The transfer of printed designs onto surfaces. Used for ceramic decoration in the 19th century.
Dentil Molding: A decorative molding consisting of small, rectangular tooth-like blocks. Common in Georgian architecture and furniture.
Depression Glass: Inexpensive, machine-pressed glassware produced during the Great Depression (1929-1939). Often colorful and given away as premiums.
Dovetail: An interlocking joint shaped like a dove’s tail, used to connect drawer fronts to sides. Hand-cut examples indicate pre-industrial manufacture.
Dowry Chest: A decorated chest made to hold a bride’s dowry goods. Common in Pennsylvania German and other folk traditions.
Drop Leaf: A table with hinged leaves that can be raised or lowered to adjust the surface size.
Drake Foot: A furniture foot carved to resemble a duck’s webbed foot. Variant of the pad foot.
Dry Sink: A wooden cabinet with a recessed top surface, used for washing before indoor plumbing. Common in 19th-century American kitchens.
Dust Panel: A thin wooden panel between drawers in quality case furniture, preventing dust from falling into lower compartments.
E
Ebonized: Wood that has been stained or painted black to resemble ebony. Common in Victorian and Aesthetic Movement furniture.
Eastlake: A furniture style (1870-1890) inspired by Charles Eastlake’s design reforms. Features incised carving, spindles, and geometric decoration.
Electroplate: A method of coating base metal with silver using electrolysis. Produces thinner silver coating than Sheffield plate.
Embossing: Raising a design above the surface of metal, leather, or paper through pressure.
Empire: A French-inspired furniture style (1800-1840) characterized by massive forms, animal paw feet, and classical motifs.
Enamel: A glassy coating fused to metal, ceramic, or glass at high temperatures. Used for jewelry, decorative objects, and signage.
Encaustic: A ceramic tile with colored clay patterns inlaid before firing. Popular for Victorian floors.
Engraving: Incising a design into a hard surface using sharp tools. Used on silver, glass, and printing plates.
Escutcheon: The decorative plate surrounding a keyhole. Also called a keyhole cover.
Etagere: A tall, open shelving unit for displaying decorative objects. French origin.
Etching: Using acid to cut designs into metal or glass. Distinguished from engraving by its softer, more fluid line quality.
F
Faience: Tin-glazed earthenware, particularly French and German varieties. Delftware is a type of faience.
Federal: An American furniture style (1780-1820) influenced by Neoclassicism. Features straight lines, inlay, and restrained elegance.
Ferrule: A metal band or cap used to reinforce joints, particularly on furniture legs or tool handles.
Festoon: A decorative garland or swag motif, often carved or painted.
Finial: A decorative ornament at the top of a post, pediment, or furniture element.
Fire Gilding: An obsolete mercury-based gilding technique that produced exceptionally brilliant gold surfaces. Banned due to toxicity.
Fire-King: A brand of heat-resistant glassware produced by Anchor Hocking. Popular in the mid-20th century, especially Jadeite.
Fluting: Vertical grooves carved into columns, furniture legs, or decorative elements. Common in Neoclassical design.
Folk Art: Art produced by self-taught artists, often characterized by naive style and personal vision. Includes paintings, carvings, and textiles.
French Polish: A furniture finish using shellac dissolved in alcohol and applied with a rubber pad. Produces a deep, glossy surface.
Fretwork: Decorative openwork patterns cut from wood or metal. Common in Chippendale and Gothic Revival furniture.
Frieze: A horizontal decorative band, often on furniture aprons or architectural entablatures.
G
Gallery: A small railing around the edge of a table or tray, designed to prevent objects from sliding off.
Garniture: A matching set of decorative objects, typically vases and urns, designed to display together on a mantel.
Gesso: A plaster-like preparation applied to wood or metal as a base for gilding or painting.
Gilding: The application of gold leaf or gold-colored finishes to surfaces. Water gilding, oil gilding, and fire gilding are traditional methods.
Girandole: A branched candlestick or wall sconce, often with mirrored back to reflect light.
Glaze: A glassy coating fused to ceramics. Also refers to the transparent color layer applied over oil paintings.
Gobelins: French tapestries produced by the royal Gobelins Manufactory. Among the finest tapestries ever made.
Gothic Revival: A 19th-century style reviving medieval Gothic forms. Features pointed arches, tracery, and vertical emphasis.
Grain Painting: Decorative technique where paint is applied to simulate expensive wood grain on cheaper wood surfaces.
Grandfather Clock: See “Longcase Clock.”
Gueridon: A small, ornate French table, typically with a marble top and metal or carved wood base.
H
Hallmark: An official mark stamped on precious metal items to certify purity, date, and maker. British silver hallmarks are particularly comprehensive.
Hand-Hammered: Metalwork where the surface shows the marks of hand-hammering rather than machine finishing. Characteristic of Arts and Crafts metalwork.
Hepplewhite: A furniture style (1780-1810) featuring shield-back chairs, tapered legs, and delicate proportions. Named after George Hepplewhite.
Hollow Ware: Vessel-form silver items such as bowls, teapots, and vases, as opposed to flatware.
Hutch: A two-part cabinet with an open upper section (often with shelves or plate racks) and a closed lower section with drawers or doors.
I
Imari: A Japanese porcelain style featuring elaborate decoration in iron red, cobalt blue, and gold. Widely exported and imitated.
Inlay: Decorative material set into a recessed surface. Common materials include wood, ivory, metal, and mother-of-pearl.
Intaglio: A design carved or engraved into a surface, creating a recessed image. Used for seals, jewelry, and printmaking.
Ironstone: A durable, opaque ceramic developed in the 19th century. Popular for tableware and decorative objects.
J
Jadeite: An opaque green glassware popular in the 1930s-1950s. Produced by Fire-King, McKee, and other manufacturers.
Japanned: A European technique imitating Asian lacquerwork using layers of varnish and painted decoration.
Jasperware: An unglazed stoneware perfected by Josiah Wedgwood, featuring classical white reliefs on colored bodies.
Joint Stool: A sturdy, backless stool with turned legs and stretchers. Common in 17th-century England and America.
K
Kneehole: The recessed space in a desk or dressing table designed to accommodate the user’s knees.
Knife Box: A tapered box designed to hold cutlery, often elaborately decorated with inlay or painting.
Knopped: Having bulbous or swollen decorative elements, typically on furniture legs or glass stems.
L
Lacquer: A hard, glossy finish made from resinous tree sap. Asian lacquerware involves dozens of applied layers.
Ladderback: A chair with horizontal slats connecting the uprights, resembling a ladder. Common in country furniture.
Lap Desk: A portable writing box with a slanted lid, designed to rest on the user’s lap.
Lattice: An openwork pattern of crossed strips, used in chair backs, panels, and decorative screens.
Liming: A furniture treatment using diluted paint or wax to create a bleached, weathered appearance on oak.
Lithophane: Porcelain panels with translucent relief images visible when backlit. Popular in the 19th century.
Locking Rail: The horizontal member of a case piece behind which drawers lock when closed.
Longcase Clock: A tall clock with a pendulum enclosed in a wooden case. Commonly called a grandfather clock.
Lost Wax Casting: A metal casting process where a wax model is encased in mold material, then melted out to create a cavity for molten metal.
M
Majolica: Tin-glazed earthenware with colorful, often naturalistic decoration. Produced in Italy and later England.
Maker’s Mark: The stamp or signature identifying the craftsman or manufacturer of an object. Essential for attribution and value.
Marquetry: Decorative inlay using thin veneers of contrasting woods to create pictorial or geometric designs.
Mask: A carved or applied face motif, often used as a decorative element on furniture and architecture.
Meissen: The first European hard-paste porcelain manufactory, established in Germany in 1710. Famous for the crossed swords mark.
Mid-Century Modern: A design movement (1945-1970) characterized by clean lines, organic forms, and new materials. Associated with designers like Eames and Saarinen.
Mission Style: See “Arts and Crafts.”
Mortise and Tenon: A fundamental woodworking joint where a projecting tongue (tenon) fits into a corresponding hole (mortise).
Mother-of-Pearl: The iridescent inner lining of shells, used for inlay, buttons, and decorative objects.
Mottle: An irregular spotted or blotched pattern, often in glass or ceramic glazes.
N
Nailhead Trim: Decorative nails with visible heads, used to secure upholstery or as ornamental borders.
Neoclassical: A style (1760-1820) reviving classical Greek and Roman forms. Features straight lines, geometric shapes, and restrained ornament.
Niello: A black metallic alloy inlaid into engraved silver designs, creating dramatic contrast.
O
Ogee: An S-shaped curve used in moldings, furniture profiles, and architectural elements.
Oil Gilding: Applying gold leaf over an oil-based size (adhesive). Produces a matte finish compared to water gilding.
Onlay: Applied decorative elements that project from the surface. Similar to applique but typically thicker.
Opalescent Glass: Glass with a milky, iridescent quality resembling opal. Tiffany Favrile glass is a famous example.
Ormolu: Gilt bronze used for decorative mounts on furniture and clocks. French origin.
Overglaze: Decoration applied on top of an already-fired glaze, then fired again at a lower temperature.
P
Pad Foot: A furniture foot that is flattened and slightly expanded, resembling a pad or drake foot.
Painted Decoration: Surface painting on furniture, ceramics, or glass. Quality varies from folk art to highly refined professional work.
Parquetry: Geometric inlay using wood veneers, typically in repeating patterns. Used for floors and furniture surfaces.
Patina: The surface character acquired by age, use, and exposure. Includes color changes, wear patterns, and oxidation. Often highly valued as evidence of authenticity.
Pedestal: A support structure for tables, urns, or sculpture. Also refers to the base of a dining table.
Pediment: The triangular or curved decorative element above a cabinet, door, or architectural opening.
Pembroke Table: A small table with drop leaves and a single drawer. Popular in the Federal period.
Penwork: Decoration executed in pen and ink, often on furniture or papier-mache objects.
Pier Table: A narrow table designed to stand against the pier (wall) between windows. Often features a mirror back.
Piercing: Decorative openwork created by cutting holes through wood, metal, or other materials.
Pinwheel: A decorative motif resembling a rotating wheel or star. Common in quilt patterns and carved decoration.
Plinth: The base or platform on which a cabinet, sculpture, or column rests.
Porcelain: A high-fired, translucent ceramic made from kaolin clay. Distinguished from earthenware and stoneware.
Pressed Glass: Glass formed by pressing molten glass into molds. Allows mass production of patterned glassware.
Provenance: The documented history of ownership for an object. Strong provenance significantly increases value.
Pounce: A powder used to prevent ink from spreading on porous paper. Also refers to the dotted transfer technique used to copy designs.
Pyrography: Wood burning as a decorative technique. Popular in the late 19th century for folk art and decorative objects.
Q
Quarter-Sawn: Lumber cut so that growth rings are perpendicular to the surface. Produces stable wood with distinctive grain patterns (flecking in oak).
Quilted: A padded, stitched textile technique. Also describes certain glass and metal surface textures.
R
Rail: A horizontal member in furniture construction, such as a chair back rail or bed rail.
Raised Panel: A cabinet door or wall panel where the center is raised above the surrounding frame.
Rattan: A flexible climbing palm used for wicker and cane furniture. Distinguished from bamboo by its solid structure.
Regency: A British style (1810-1830) characterized by elegance, classical influences, and exotic woods. Associated with the Prince Regent (later George IV).
Relief: Sculpture or carving that projects from a flat background. High relief projects significantly; low relief (bas-relief) projects slightly.
Repousse: Metalwork technique where designs are hammered from the reverse side to create raised decoration.
Reproduction: A later copy of an earlier object. Not necessarily fraudulent, but worth significantly less than an original.
Restoration: Professional repair or conservation work. Quality restoration preserves value; poor restoration destroys it.
Rococo: An ornate style (1730-1770) characterized by asymmetrical curves, shell motifs, and playful decoration.
Rococo Revival: A 19th-century revival of Rococo forms, particularly popular in American furniture (1840-1870).
Roll Top Desk: A desk with a flexible wooden shutter that rolls down to cover the work surface and compartments.
Rosewood: A dense, dark wood with dramatic grain patterns. Popular in Victorian and Empire furniture. Now endangered and restricted.
Runner: The strip of wood on which a drawer slides. Also called a drawer guide or slide.
Rush Seating: Seats woven from rush (a marsh plant). Common in country and early American furniture.
S
Sabot: A metal shoe or cap on the bottom of furniture legs, particularly in French furniture.
Satinwood: A pale yellow wood with a lustrous, satin-like finish. Popular in Federal and Sheraton furniture.
Sconce: A wall-mounted light fixture or candle holder, often with a mirror back.
Scroll: A spiral or coiled decorative form. Common in carving, metalwork, and furniture design.
Secretaire: A writing desk with a fall-front that opens to reveal a fitted interior.
Serpentine: A curved, S-shaped front on cabinets and chests. More complex to construct than straight fronts.
Settee: A small sofa or bench with a back, typically seating two people.
Sgraffito: A ceramic decoration technique where a surface layer is scratched through to reveal a contrasting color beneath.
Shabby Chic: A decorating style (1980s-present) that embraces worn, distressed painted furniture and soft, romantic textiles.
Sheffield Plate: A technique fusing a thin sheet of silver onto a copper core. Predates electroplating and is more valuable.
Shellac: A furniture finish made from dissolved lac bug resin. The dominant finish before modern lacquers and polyurethanes.
Sheraton: A furniture style (1790-1810) featuring straight lines, geometric inlay, and refined proportions. Named after Thomas Sheraton.
Sideboard: A long, low cabinet used for serving food and storing tableware. Common in dining rooms.
Silver Plate: Base metal coated with a thin layer of silver through electroplating. Less valuable than sterling or Sheffield plate.
Slip Seat: A removable upholstered seat that fits into a chair frame. Common in 18th and 19th-century chairs.
Splat: The vertical central panel of a chair back, often decorated with carving or piercing.
Spelter: A zinc alloy used as a cheaper alternative to bronze for sculpture and decorative objects.
Spindle: A slender, turned rod used in chair backs, stair railings, and furniture decoration.
Stile: The vertical outer frame member of a door, panel, or chair back.
Stretcher: A horizontal support connecting legs on chairs and tables. Provides structural stability.
Stringing: Thin strips of contrasting wood or inlay used as decorative lines on furniture surfaces.
Stylus: A pointed tool used for incising designs into clay, wax, or soft metal.
T
Tambour: A flexible shutter made of thin strips of wood glued to canvas, used on roll-top desks and some cabinets.
Tazza: A shallow, stemmed dish used for serving fruit or as a decorative object. Often made of silver or glass.
Tea Caddy: A small box designed to store tea leaves. Often elaborately decorated with inlay, painting, or lacquer.
Tin Glaze: An opaque white glaze containing tin oxide, used on majolica, faience, and delftware.
Tole: Painted or lacquered tinplate used for decorative objects, trays, and small furniture. Popular in the 19th century.
Tortoiseshell: The mottled brown and yellow shell of the hawksbill turtle, used for inlay, boxes, and decorative objects. Now protected and restricted.
Transferware: Ceramics decorated by transferring printed designs from engraved copper plates. Developed in the late 18th century.
Trembleuse: A cup and saucer design with a raised rim to prevent spills. Popular in 18th-century Europe.
Trompe L’Oeil: A painting technique creating optical illusions of three-dimensional objects. Also used in furniture decoration.
Turning: The process of shaping wood on a lathe to create rounded forms like legs, spindles, and bowls.
U
Underglaze: Decoration applied to unfired or bisque pottery before the glaze is applied and fired.
Urn: A tall, rounded vessel, often with a foot and handles. Used for decoration, ashes, or flowers.
V
Veneer: Thin sheets of decorative wood applied over a structural core. Allows expensive woods to cover larger surfaces economically.
Vernis Martin : 18. yüzyılda Martin kardeşler tarafından geliştirilen, Doğu Asya lake işçiliğini taklit eden bir Fransız lake tekniği.
Viktorya Dönemi : Kraliçe Victoria'nın saltanat dönemi (1837-1901), eklektik canlanma tarzları ve endüstriyel üretimle karakterize edilir.
Vitrin : Dekoratif objeleri sergilemek için kullanılan cam vitrin. Genellikle aynalı bir arka yüzeye sahiptir.
W
Duvar kaplaması : İç duvarların alt kısmına uygulanan ahşap paneller. Mobilyalarda da panel dekorasyonu olarak kullanılır.
Su ile yaldızlama : Su ile aktive edilmiş bir gesso tabanı üzerine altın yaprak kullanılarak yapılan bir yaldızlama tekniğidir. Parlak ve yansıtıcı bir yüzey elde edilir.
Balmumu Mühür : Belgelerin orijinalliğini doğrulamak ve nesneleri süslemek için kullanılan, mühür balmumuna yapılan bir baskı. Koleksiyoncular tarafından geçici eşyalar arasında saklanır.
Wedgwood : Josiah Wedgwood tarafından kurulan ünlü Staffordshire seramik üreticisi. Jasperware, creamware ve siyah bazalt seramikleriyle tanınır.
Eğlence amaçlı yapılmış , ahşap oyma obje: Kullanım amacından ziyade zevk için yapılmış ahşap bir nesne. Halk sanatında ve denizci oymalarında yaygındır.
William ve Mary : Tornalanmış ayaklar, topuz tabanlar ve Hollanda etkileri taşıyan bir İngiliz mobilya tarzı (1690-1720).
Şarap Masası : Şarap servisi için özel olarak tasarlanmış küçük, yuvarlak bir masa. Genellikle içbükey bir üst yüzeye sahiptir.
X, Y, Z
X-Çerçeve : Bacakların X şeklinde çaprazlandığı bir sandalye veya tabure yapısı. Ortaçağ ve Rönesans mobilyalarında yaygındır.
İplikle Dikilmiş : İpliğin dokuma bir tabana dikilerek kullanıldığı bir halı yapım tekniği. Tığ işi halılarla ilişkilidir.
Zebra ağacı : Çarpıcı koyu ve açık çizgileriyle egzotik bir ağaç türü. Art Deco mobilyalarda kaplama olarak sıkça kullanılır.
Zwiebelmuster : Meissen porselenlerinde kullanılan ve yaygın olarak taklit edilen "soğan deseni". Aslında soğan yerine şeftali, nar ve diğer meyveleri içerir.
Antika terminolojisine hakim olmak zaman alır, ancak bu sözlük, antika eşyaları güvenle araştırmanız, tanımlamanız ve tartışmanız için gereken temeli sağlar. Mağazaları, müzayedeleri ve çevrimiçi pazarları gezerken bu referansı elinizin altında bulundurun. Antika dilinde ne kadar akıcı olursanız, koleksiyon kararlarınız da o kadar iyi olur.
Orijinallik doğrulama terimleri ve teknikleri için, sahte antikaları nasıl tespit edeceğinize dair kılavuzumuza bakın. Damga terimleri için, antika damgalarının anlamlarını açıklayan kılavuzumuza başvurun.
Bu kapsamlı sözlük, tüm önemli antika kategorilerindeki 150 temel terimi kapsamaktadır. Bu tanımlara hakim olursanız, antika dünyasında deneyimli bir satıcının özgüveniyle yol alabilirsiniz.
A
Akantus : Klasik mimaride ve mobilya oymacılığında, özellikle Korint sütun başlıklarında ve Chippendale mobilyalarında kullanılan stilize edilmiş bir yaprak motifi.
Asit aşındırma : Asit kullanılarak yüzeye desenlerin işlendiği bir cam dekorasyon tekniği. Art Nouveau ve Art Deco cam eşyalarında yaygındır.
Estetik Akım : 19. yüzyılın sonlarında ortaya çıkan, seri üretimden ziyade güzelliği ve sanatsal ifadeyi vurgulayan bir tasarım felsefesi. Mobilya, seramik ve dekoratif sanatları etkilemiştir.
Yaşlanma Çatlağı : Ahşap, boya veya cila üzerinde zamanla malzemelerin kuruyup büzülmesi sonucu oluşan doğal bir çatlak. Organik ve kademeli gelişimiyle hasardan ayırt edilir.
Timsah derisi görünümü : Boya veya verniğin timsah derisine benzeyen çatlaklar şeklinde bir yüzey oluşumu. Önemli bir eskilik belirtisidir ancak stabilizasyon gerektirebilir.
Amberina: A type of art glass that shades from amber to ruby red. Developed by New England Glass Company in 1883.
Applique: Decorative elements applied to a surface rather than carved from it. Common in furniture, textiles, and ceramics.
Apron: The horizontal support piece connecting a tabletop to its legs. Also called a skirt or frieze.
Armoire: A tall, freestanding wardrobe with doors, typically used for clothing storage. French origin.
Art Nouveau: A decorative style (1890-1910) characterized by flowing, organic lines inspired by natural forms. Major influence on jewelry, glass, and furniture.
Arts and Crafts: A design movement (1880-1920) emphasizing handcraftsmanship, simple forms, and honest construction. Associated with William Morris and Gustav Stickley.
Ashlar: A masonry term adapted to furniture describing thin pieces of wood applied to resemble stone blocks.
Aubusson: A type of French tapestry or flat-woven rug produced in Aubusson, France. Known for elaborate floral and scenic designs.
B
Bail: A swinging handle on a drawer pull or teapot, typically made of brass or silver.
Bakelite: An early plastic (phenol formaldehyde) developed in 1907. Popular for jewelry, radios, and household items in the 1920s-1940s.
Ball-and-Claw Foot: A furniture foot carved to resemble an animal claw grasping a ball. Most common in Chippendale furniture.
Banding: Decorative strips of contrasting wood or inlay applied to furniture edges.
Baroque: A dramatic, ornate style (1600-1750) characterized by bold curves, rich detail, and grandeur. Influenced European furniture and decorative arts.
Base Metal: Any non-precious metal such as copper, brass, pewter, or zinc. Used as a core for silver plating or as primary material in less expensive items.
Bentwood: Wood that has been steamed and bent into curved forms. Pioneered by Michael Thonet in the 19th century.
Bergere: A French armchair with an upholstered back and sides, typically with a wooden frame exposed on the front.
Bevel: An angled cut on glass, mirror, or wood edges. Beveled mirror glass is characteristic of certain periods.
Biscuit: Unglazed porcelain that has been fired once. Also called bisque, particularly in doll making.
Blown Glass: Glass formed by blowing air through a pipe into molten glass. Distinguished from pressed or molded glass.
Bobeche: A dish-shaped collar on candlesticks designed to catch wax drips.
Bolection Molding: A projecting molding that covers the joint between two surfaces, commonly used on fireplace mantels and paneling.
Bonheur du Jour: A small French writing desk with drawers, popular in the Louis XVI period.
Bookmatched: Veneer sheets arranged so that adjacent pieces mirror each other, creating symmetrical grain patterns.
Boulle Work: Decorative inlay technique using tortoiseshell and brass, perfected by Andre-Charles Boulle in the 17th century.
Brass: An alloy of copper and zinc, commonly used for furniture hardware, candlesticks, and decorative objects.
Breakfront: A cabinet or bookcase with a central section projecting forward from the side sections.
Britannia Metal: A pewter-like alloy of tin, antimony, and copper. Used for tableware in the 19th century.
Bronze: An alloy of copper and tin, used for sculpture, hardware, and decorative objects since antiquity.
Bun Foot: A rounded, ball-like furniture foot. Common in William and Mary and Queen Anne furniture.
Burr (or Burl): A tree growth with complex, swirling grain patterns. Highly prized for veneers and decorative inlay.
C
Cabriole Leg: A furniture leg with a graceful S-curve, ending in a pad, drake, or ball-and-claw foot. Characteristic of Queen Anne furniture.
Cameo Glass: Glass with layers of different colors, where the top layer is carved to reveal the contrasting color beneath. Lalique and Thomas Webb are notable producers.
Cameo: A carved relief design, typically on shell, stone, or glass. Popular in Victorian jewelry.
Candlestand: A small, portable table designed to hold a candle. Often features a tripod base.
Canted Corner: A corner that has been cut at an angle rather than forming a 90-degree angle.
Carcase (or Carcass): The structural body of a piece of furniture, excluding doors, drawers, and applied decoration.
Cartouche: An ornamental panel or tablet, often oval or shield-shaped, used for inscriptions or decoration.
Case Piece: Furniture that provides enclosed storage, such as chests, cabinets, and bureaus.
Casing: The frame around a door or window, adapted to furniture as the frame surrounding drawers or doors.
Cast Iron: Iron that has been melted and poured into molds. Used for toys, stoves, and garden furniture in the 19th century.
Casting: The process of creating metal objects by pouring molten metal into molds. Used for hardware, sculpture, and decorative objects.
Crazing: Fine cracks in glaze, paint, or varnish caused by age, temperature changes, or material incompatibility.
Chasing: Decorative metalwork technique where designs are hammered from the front surface. Distinguished from repousse, which works from the reverse.
Chinoiserie: European decoration inspired by Chinese art and design. Popular in the 18th century for furniture, ceramics, and wallpaper.
Chippendale: A furniture style (1755-1790) named after Thomas Chippendale’s pattern book. Characterized by ornate carving, fretwork, and Chinese influences.
Cire Perdue: See “Lost Wax Casting.”
Claw Foot: See “Ball-and-Claw Foot.”
Cloisonne: Enamelwork technique where metal wires create compartments (cloisons) filled with colored enamel. Common in Chinese and Japanese decorative arts.
Cockbeading: A narrow, rounded molding applied to the edge of drawer fronts.
Coin Silver: American silver made from melted coins, typically 90% pure. Predates the sterling standard (92.5%) in America.
Commode: A low chest of drawers, often with marble top and elaborate decoration. French origin.
Compote: A serving dish on a stemmed foot, used for fruit, candy, or decorative display.
Condition: The state of preservation of an antique, ranging from mint to poor. Critical factor in valuation.
Console Table: A narrow table designed to stand against a wall, often with decorative front legs and plain rear supports.
Copperplate Engraving: A printmaking technique where designs are incised into copper plates. Used for maps, illustrations, and decorative prints.
Cornice: The decorative molding at the top of a cabinet, bookcase, or architectural element.
Crest Rail: The upper horizontal member of a chair back, often decorated with carving or piercing.
Crossbanding: Veneer strips applied across the grain direction for decorative contrast.
Crotch Veneer: Veneer cut from the fork of a tree trunk, displaying dramatic figure and grain patterns.
Crystallo-Ceramie: Glass with ceramic cameo portraits embedded within clear glass. Developed by Thomas Webb.
D
Daguerreotype: The first practical photographic process (1839-1860), producing unique images on silver-plated copper sheets.
Davenport: A small British writing desk with a slanted top, drawers on one side, and often a pop-up section.
Decalcomania: The transfer of printed designs onto surfaces. Used for ceramic decoration in the 19th century.
Dentil Molding: A decorative molding consisting of small, rectangular tooth-like blocks. Common in Georgian architecture and furniture.
Depression Glass: Inexpensive, machine-pressed glassware produced during the Great Depression (1929-1939). Often colorful and given away as premiums.
Dovetail: An interlocking joint shaped like a dove’s tail, used to connect drawer fronts to sides. Hand-cut examples indicate pre-industrial manufacture.
Dowry Chest: A decorated chest made to hold a bride’s dowry goods. Common in Pennsylvania German and other folk traditions.
Drop Leaf: A table with hinged leaves that can be raised or lowered to adjust the surface size.
Drake Foot: A furniture foot carved to resemble a duck’s webbed foot. Variant of the pad foot.
Dry Sink: A wooden cabinet with a recessed top surface, used for washing before indoor plumbing. Common in 19th-century American kitchens.
Dust Panel: A thin wooden panel between drawers in quality case furniture, preventing dust from falling into lower compartments.
E
Ebonized: Wood that has been stained or painted black to resemble ebony. Common in Victorian and Aesthetic Movement furniture.
Eastlake: A furniture style (1870-1890) inspired by Charles Eastlake’s design reforms. Features incised carving, spindles, and geometric decoration.
Electroplate: A method of coating base metal with silver using electrolysis. Produces thinner silver coating than Sheffield plate.
Embossing: Raising a design above the surface of metal, leather, or paper through pressure.
Empire: A French-inspired furniture style (1800-1840) characterized by massive forms, animal paw feet, and classical motifs.
Enamel: A glassy coating fused to metal, ceramic, or glass at high temperatures. Used for jewelry, decorative objects, and signage.
Encaustic: A ceramic tile with colored clay patterns inlaid before firing. Popular for Victorian floors.
Engraving: Incising a design into a hard surface using sharp tools. Used on silver, glass, and printing plates.
Escutcheon: The decorative plate surrounding a keyhole. Also called a keyhole cover.
Etagere: A tall, open shelving unit for displaying decorative objects. French origin.
Etching: Using acid to cut designs into metal or glass. Distinguished from engraving by its softer, more fluid line quality.
F
Faience: Tin-glazed earthenware, particularly French and German varieties. Delftware is a type of faience.
Federal: An American furniture style (1780-1820) influenced by Neoclassicism. Features straight lines, inlay, and restrained elegance.
Ferrule: A metal band or cap used to reinforce joints, particularly on furniture legs or tool handles.
Festoon: A decorative garland or swag motif, often carved or painted.
Finial: A decorative ornament at the top of a post, pediment, or furniture element.
Fire Gilding: An obsolete mercury-based gilding technique that produced exceptionally brilliant gold surfaces. Banned due to toxicity.
Fire-King: A brand of heat-resistant glassware produced by Anchor Hocking. Popular in the mid-20th century, especially Jadeite.
Fluting: Vertical grooves carved into columns, furniture legs, or decorative elements. Common in Neoclassical design.
Folk Art: Art produced by self-taught artists, often characterized by naive style and personal vision. Includes paintings, carvings, and textiles.
French Polish: A furniture finish using shellac dissolved in alcohol and applied with a rubber pad. Produces a deep, glossy surface.
Fretwork: Decorative openwork patterns cut from wood or metal. Common in Chippendale and Gothic Revival furniture.
Frieze: A horizontal decorative band, often on furniture aprons or architectural entablatures.
G
Gallery: A small railing around the edge of a table or tray, designed to prevent objects from sliding off.
Garniture: A matching set of decorative objects, typically vases and urns, designed to display together on a mantel.
Gesso: A plaster-like preparation applied to wood or metal as a base for gilding or painting.
Gilding: The application of gold leaf or gold-colored finishes to surfaces. Water gilding, oil gilding, and fire gilding are traditional methods.
Girandole: A branched candlestick or wall sconce, often with mirrored back to reflect light.
Glaze: A glassy coating fused to ceramics. Also refers to the transparent color layer applied over oil paintings.
Gobelins: French tapestries produced by the royal Gobelins Manufactory. Among the finest tapestries ever made.
Gothic Revival: A 19th-century style reviving medieval Gothic forms. Features pointed arches, tracery, and vertical emphasis.
Grain Painting: Decorative technique where paint is applied to simulate expensive wood grain on cheaper wood surfaces.
Grandfather Clock: See “Longcase Clock.”
Gueridon: A small, ornate French table, typically with a marble top and metal or carved wood base.
H
Hallmark: An official mark stamped on precious metal items to certify purity, date, and maker. British silver hallmarks are particularly comprehensive.
Hand-Hammered: Metalwork where the surface shows the marks of hand-hammering rather than machine finishing. Characteristic of Arts and Crafts metalwork.
Hepplewhite: A furniture style (1780-1810) featuring shield-back chairs, tapered legs, and delicate proportions. Named after George Hepplewhite.
Hollow Ware: Vessel-form silver items such as bowls, teapots, and vases, as opposed to flatware.
Hutch: A two-part cabinet with an open upper section (often with shelves or plate racks) and a closed lower section with drawers or doors.
I
Imari: A Japanese porcelain style featuring elaborate decoration in iron red, cobalt blue, and gold. Widely exported and imitated.
Inlay: Decorative material set into a recessed surface. Common materials include wood, ivory, metal, and mother-of-pearl.
Intaglio: A design carved or engraved into a surface, creating a recessed image. Used for seals, jewelry, and printmaking.
Ironstone: A durable, opaque ceramic developed in the 19th century. Popular for tableware and decorative objects.
J
Jadeite: An opaque green glassware popular in the 1930s-1950s. Produced by Fire-King, McKee, and other manufacturers.
Japanned: A European technique imitating Asian lacquerwork using layers of varnish and painted decoration.
Jasperware: An unglazed stoneware perfected by Josiah Wedgwood, featuring classical white reliefs on colored bodies.
Joint Stool: A sturdy, backless stool with turned legs and stretchers. Common in 17th-century England and America.
K
Kneehole: The recessed space in a desk or dressing table designed to accommodate the user’s knees.
Knife Box: A tapered box designed to hold cutlery, often elaborately decorated with inlay or painting.
Knopped: Having bulbous or swollen decorative elements, typically on furniture legs or glass stems.
L
Lacquer: A hard, glossy finish made from resinous tree sap. Asian lacquerware involves dozens of applied layers.
Ladderback: A chair with horizontal slats connecting the uprights, resembling a ladder. Common in country furniture.
Lap Desk: A portable writing box with a slanted lid, designed to rest on the user’s lap.
Lattice: An openwork pattern of crossed strips, used in chair backs, panels, and decorative screens.
Liming: A furniture treatment using diluted paint or wax to create a bleached, weathered appearance on oak.
Lithophane: Porcelain panels with translucent relief images visible when backlit. Popular in the 19th century.
Locking Rail: The horizontal member of a case piece behind which drawers lock when closed.
Longcase Clock: A tall clock with a pendulum enclosed in a wooden case. Commonly called a grandfather clock.
Lost Wax Casting: A metal casting process where a wax model is encased in mold material, then melted out to create a cavity for molten metal.
M
Majolica: Tin-glazed earthenware with colorful, often naturalistic decoration. Produced in Italy and later England.
Maker’s Mark: The stamp or signature identifying the craftsman or manufacturer of an object. Essential for attribution and value.
Marquetry: Decorative inlay using thin veneers of contrasting woods to create pictorial or geometric designs.
Mask: A carved or applied face motif, often used as a decorative element on furniture and architecture.
Meissen: The first European hard-paste porcelain manufactory, established in Germany in 1710. Famous for the crossed swords mark.
Mid-Century Modern: A design movement (1945-1970) characterized by clean lines, organic forms, and new materials. Associated with designers like Eames and Saarinen.
Mission Style: See “Arts and Crafts.”
Mortise and Tenon: A fundamental woodworking joint where a projecting tongue (tenon) fits into a corresponding hole (mortise).
Mother-of-Pearl: The iridescent inner lining of shells, used for inlay, buttons, and decorative objects.
Mottle: An irregular spotted or blotched pattern, often in glass or ceramic glazes.
N
Nailhead Trim: Decorative nails with visible heads, used to secure upholstery or as ornamental borders.
Neoclassical: A style (1760-1820) reviving classical Greek and Roman forms. Features straight lines, geometric shapes, and restrained ornament.
Niello: A black metallic alloy inlaid into engraved silver designs, creating dramatic contrast.
O
Ogee: An S-shaped curve used in moldings, furniture profiles, and architectural elements.
Oil Gilding: Applying gold leaf over an oil-based size (adhesive). Produces a matte finish compared to water gilding.
Onlay: Applied decorative elements that project from the surface. Similar to applique but typically thicker.
Opalescent Glass: Glass with a milky, iridescent quality resembling opal. Tiffany Favrile glass is a famous example.
Ormolu: Gilt bronze used for decorative mounts on furniture and clocks. French origin.
Overglaze: Decoration applied on top of an already-fired glaze, then fired again at a lower temperature.
P
Pad Foot: A furniture foot that is flattened and slightly expanded, resembling a pad or drake foot.
Painted Decoration: Surface painting on furniture, ceramics, or glass. Quality varies from folk art to highly refined professional work.
Parquetry: Geometric inlay using wood veneers, typically in repeating patterns. Used for floors and furniture surfaces.
Patina: The surface character acquired by age, use, and exposure. Includes color changes, wear patterns, and oxidation. Often highly valued as evidence of authenticity.
Pedestal: A support structure for tables, urns, or sculpture. Also refers to the base of a dining table.
Pediment: The triangular or curved decorative element above a cabinet, door, or architectural opening.
Pembroke Table: A small table with drop leaves and a single drawer. Popular in the Federal period.
Penwork: Decoration executed in pen and ink, often on furniture or papier-mache objects.
Pier Table: A narrow table designed to stand against the pier (wall) between windows. Often features a mirror back.
Piercing: Decorative openwork created by cutting holes through wood, metal, or other materials.
Pinwheel: A decorative motif resembling a rotating wheel or star. Common in quilt patterns and carved decoration.
Plinth: The base or platform on which a cabinet, sculpture, or column rests.
Porcelain: A high-fired, translucent ceramic made from kaolin clay. Distinguished from earthenware and stoneware.
Pressed Glass: Glass formed by pressing molten glass into molds. Allows mass production of patterned glassware.
Provenance: The documented history of ownership for an object. Strong provenance significantly increases value.
Pounce: A powder used to prevent ink from spreading on porous paper. Also refers to the dotted transfer technique used to copy designs.
Pyrography: Wood burning as a decorative technique. Popular in the late 19th century for folk art and decorative objects.
Q
Quarter-Sawn: Lumber cut so that growth rings are perpendicular to the surface. Produces stable wood with distinctive grain patterns (flecking in oak).
Quilted: A padded, stitched textile technique. Also describes certain glass and metal surface textures.
R
Rail: A horizontal member in furniture construction, such as a chair back rail or bed rail.
Raised Panel: A cabinet door or wall panel where the center is raised above the surrounding frame.
Rattan: A flexible climbing palm used for wicker and cane furniture. Distinguished from bamboo by its solid structure.
Regency: A British style (1810-1830) characterized by elegance, classical influences, and exotic woods. Associated with the Prince Regent (later George IV).
Relief: Sculpture or carving that projects from a flat background. High relief projects significantly; low relief (bas-relief) projects slightly.
Repousse: Metalwork technique where designs are hammered from the reverse side to create raised decoration.
Reproduction: A later copy of an earlier object. Not necessarily fraudulent, but worth significantly less than an original.
Restoration: Professional repair or conservation work. Quality restoration preserves value; poor restoration destroys it.
Rococo: An ornate style (1730-1770) characterized by asymmetrical curves, shell motifs, and playful decoration.
Rococo Revival: A 19th-century revival of Rococo forms, particularly popular in American furniture (1840-1870).
Roll Top Desk: A desk with a flexible wooden shutter that rolls down to cover the work surface and compartments.
Rosewood: A dense, dark wood with dramatic grain patterns. Popular in Victorian and Empire furniture. Now endangered and restricted.
Runner: The strip of wood on which a drawer slides. Also called a drawer guide or slide.
Rush Seating: Seats woven from rush (a marsh plant). Common in country and early American furniture.
S
Sabot: A metal shoe or cap on the bottom of furniture legs, particularly in French furniture.
Satinwood: A pale yellow wood with a lustrous, satin-like finish. Popular in Federal and Sheraton furniture.
Sconce: A wall-mounted light fixture or candle holder, often with a mirror back.
Scroll: A spiral or coiled decorative form. Common in carving, metalwork, and furniture design.
Secretaire: A writing desk with a fall-front that opens to reveal a fitted interior.
Serpentine: A curved, S-shaped front on cabinets and chests. More complex to construct than straight fronts.
Settee: A small sofa or bench with a back, typically seating two people.
Sgraffito: A ceramic decoration technique where a surface layer is scratched through to reveal a contrasting color beneath.
Shabby Chic: A decorating style (1980s-present) that embraces worn, distressed painted furniture and soft, romantic textiles.
Sheffield Plate: A technique fusing a thin sheet of silver onto a copper core. Predates electroplating and is more valuable.
Shellac: A furniture finish made from dissolved lac bug resin. The dominant finish before modern lacquers and polyurethanes.
Sheraton: A furniture style (1790-1810) featuring straight lines, geometric inlay, and refined proportions. Named after Thomas Sheraton.
Sideboard: A long, low cabinet used for serving food and storing tableware. Common in dining rooms.
Silver Plate: Base metal coated with a thin layer of silver through electroplating. Less valuable than sterling or Sheffield plate.
Slip Seat: A removable upholstered seat that fits into a chair frame. Common in 18th and 19th-century chairs.
Splat: The vertical central panel of a chair back, often decorated with carving or piercing.
Spelter: A zinc alloy used as a cheaper alternative to bronze for sculpture and decorative objects.
Spindle: A slender, turned rod used in chair backs, stair railings, and furniture decoration.
Stile: The vertical outer frame member of a door, panel, or chair back.
Stretcher: A horizontal support connecting legs on chairs and tables. Provides structural stability.
Stringing: Thin strips of contrasting wood or inlay used as decorative lines on furniture surfaces.
Stylus: A pointed tool used for incising designs into clay, wax, or soft metal.
T
Tambour: A flexible shutter made of thin strips of wood glued to canvas, used on roll-top desks and some cabinets.
Tazza: A shallow, stemmed dish used for serving fruit or as a decorative object. Often made of silver or glass.
Tea Caddy: A small box designed to store tea leaves. Often elaborately decorated with inlay, painting, or lacquer.
Tin Glaze: An opaque white glaze containing tin oxide, used on majolica, faience, and delftware.
Tole: Painted or lacquered tinplate used for decorative objects, trays, and small furniture. Popular in the 19th century.
Tortoiseshell: The mottled brown and yellow shell of the hawksbill turtle, used for inlay, boxes, and decorative objects. Now protected and restricted.
Transferware: Ceramics decorated by transferring printed designs from engraved copper plates. Developed in the late 18th century.
Trembleuse: A cup and saucer design with a raised rim to prevent spills. Popular in 18th-century Europe.
Trompe L’Oeil: A painting technique creating optical illusions of three-dimensional objects. Also used in furniture decoration.
Turning: The process of shaping wood on a lathe to create rounded forms like legs, spindles, and bowls.
U
Underglaze: Decoration applied to unfired or bisque pottery before the glaze is applied and fired.
Urn: A tall, rounded vessel, often with a foot and handles. Used for decoration, ashes, or flowers.
V
Veneer: Thin sheets of decorative wood applied over a structural core. Allows expensive woods to cover larger surfaces economically.
Vernis Martin : 18. yüzyılda Martin kardeşler tarafından geliştirilen, Doğu Asya lake işçiliğini taklit eden bir Fransız lake tekniği.
Viktorya Dönemi : Kraliçe Victoria'nın saltanat dönemi (1837-1901), eklektik canlanma tarzları ve endüstriyel üretimle karakterize edilir.
Vitrin : Dekoratif objeleri sergilemek için kullanılan cam vitrin. Genellikle aynalı bir arka yüzeye sahiptir.
W
Duvar kaplaması : İç duvarların alt kısmına uygulanan ahşap paneller. Mobilyalarda da panel dekorasyonu olarak kullanılır.
Su ile yaldızlama : Su ile aktive edilmiş bir gesso tabanı üzerine altın yaprak kullanılarak yapılan bir yaldızlama tekniğidir. Parlak ve yansıtıcı bir yüzey elde edilir.
Balmumu Mühür : Belgelerin orijinalliğini doğrulamak ve nesneleri süslemek için kullanılan, mühür balmumuna yapılan bir baskı. Koleksiyoncular tarafından geçici eşyalar arasında saklanır.
Wedgwood : Josiah Wedgwood tarafından kurulan ünlü Staffordshire seramik üreticisi. Jasperware, creamware ve siyah bazalt seramikleriyle tanınır.
Eğlence amaçlı yapılmış , ahşap oyma obje: Kullanım amacından ziyade zevk için yapılmış ahşap bir nesne. Halk sanatında ve denizci oymalarında yaygındır.
William ve Mary : Tornalanmış ayaklar, topuz tabanlar ve Hollanda etkileri taşıyan bir İngiliz mobilya tarzı (1690-1720).
Şarap Masası : Şarap servisi için özel olarak tasarlanmış küçük, yuvarlak bir masa. Genellikle içbükey bir üst yüzeye sahiptir.
X, Y, Z
X-Çerçeve : Bacakların X şeklinde çaprazlandığı bir sandalye veya tabure yapısı. Ortaçağ ve Rönesans mobilyalarında yaygındır.
İplikle Dikilmiş : İpliğin dokuma bir tabana dikilerek kullanıldığı bir halı yapım tekniği. Tığ işi halılarla ilişkilidir.
Zebra ağacı : Çarpıcı koyu ve açık çizgileriyle egzotik bir ağaç türü. Art Deco mobilyalarda kaplama olarak sıkça kullanılır.
Zwiebelmuster : Meissen porselenlerinde kullanılan ve yaygın olarak taklit edilen "soğan deseni". Aslında soğan yerine şeftali, nar ve diğer meyveleri içerir.
Antika terminolojisine hakim olmak zaman alır, ancak bu sözlük, antika eşyaları güvenle araştırmanız, tanımlamanız ve tartışmanız için gereken temeli sağlar. Mağazaları, müzayedeleri ve çevrimiçi pazarları gezerken bu referansı elinizin altında bulundurun. Antika dilinde ne kadar akıcı olursanız, koleksiyon kararlarınız da o kadar iyi olur.
Orijinallik doğrulama terimleri ve teknikleri için, sahte antikaları nasıl tespit edeceğinize dair kılavuzumuza bakın. Damga terimleri için, antika damgalarının anlamlarını açıklayan kılavuzumuza başvurun.